Metso Outotec has signed a contract to deliver key process technology to Almalyk Mining and Metallurgical Company’s MOF3 Copper-Gold-Molybdenum concentrator complex in Almalyk, in the Tashkent region of Uzbekistan. The planned capacity of the plant, which is situated next to the Yoshlik-1 deposit, is 60 mtpa. The contract value exceeds EUR 100 million and has been booked in Minerals’ Q2/2022 orders received.

Metso Outotec’s scope of delivery consists of the basic engineering, manufacturing, and supply of the HIGMill® regrinding mills, TankCell® flotation equipment and high-rate thickeners, FrothSense+^TM froth cameras, Larox® PF filters, slurry pumps and MHC™ Series hydrocyclones, as well as samplers, Courier^TM 6X SL elemental on-line analyzers and PSI500i particle size analyzers, a state-of-the-art process control system, and installation and commissioning advisory services and spare parts.

“We are very happy for being trusted with this landmark order. Special emphasis has been put on optimizing metallurgical performance and energy-efficiency of the concentrator plant. Our delivery will feature several Planet Positive technologies contributing to sustainable operations,” says Markku Teräsvasara, President of the Minerals business area at Metso Outotec.

Metso Outotec is a frontrunner in sustainable technologies, end-to-end solutions and services for the aggregates, minerals processing and metals refining industries globally. By improving our customers’ energy and water efficiency, increasing their productivity, and reducing environmental risks with our product and process expertise, we are the partner for positive change. Metso Outotec is committed to limiting global warming to 1.5°C with Science Based Targets.

Headquartered in Helsinki, Finland, Metso Outotec employs over 15,000 people in more than 50 countries and its sales for 2021 were about EUR 4.2 billion. The company is listed on the Nasdaq Helsinki. mogroup.com

VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland is piloting a new transparent cellulose film that reduces microplastic.  

Food packages fulfil their most important tasks when they protect food and minimise waste. Thin plastic films are nevertheless difficult to recycle, and they often end up in the wrong places after use. 

VTT has developed a solution to the problem of plastic packaging. Regenerated or recrystallised cellulose can replace plastic films. 

Technology Manager Heli Kangas

“We can produce transparent and flexible cellulose film. The consumer cannot distinguish between the crystal-clear material and traditional oil-based plastic. Cellulose film can resist dampness, but in nature it disappears as completely as a sheet of paper does. The product is biobased and biodegradable”, says VTT Research Professor Ali Harlin. 

In addition to their protective properties, plastics are important because consumers want packages that allow them to see the product itself. However, once they have been used, many packages are sources of problems. If a package has both paper and plastic, the consumer may wonder if it can be recycled with cardboard, or if the plastic needs to be torn off first. Some of the materials have alternating layers of fibre and plastic. Many packages are placed among mixed waste by people who cannot think of a better way of disposing of it. Plastic that ends up in a cardboard recycling bin can be removed, but the plastic usually ends up incinerated. 

“The cellulose film developed by VTT can replace plastic as a more climate-friendly solution. It also makes recycling easy, as it can be placed in cardboard recycling along with other packages”, says Atte Virtanen, Vice President, for Biomaterial processing and products at VTT. 

Cellulose film pilot line in VTT Bioruukki

Finland remains far from the goals set by the EU for reducing the environmental harm caused by plastics. At present, about 20 percent of plastics are collected, and even less end up recycled. Under the EU target, 55 percent of plastics should be recycled by 2025. 

Plastic film market is worth 110 billion dollars 

Finland is currently more of a packaging material country than a printing paper country. Last year the value of sales of cardboard exceeded that of paper for the first time. The forest industry is looking for new products with a big market, which brings value-added. Flexible, transparent cellulose film is one such product. The world market for plastic films was about 110 billion dollars last year. 

VTT's unique expertise has been used in cellulose film as a replacement for plastic. 
“VTT has researched cellulose films for more than ten years, and for more than six years on regenerated cellulose in transparent films”, Virtanen says. 

The production of packaging material is in the pilot phase, and it could be in extensive industrial use in 5–7 years. 

VTT is a visionary research, development and innovation partner. We drive sustainable growth and tackle the biggest global challenges of our time, and turn them into growth opportunities. We go beyond the obvious to help society and companies to grow through technological innovations. We have 80 years of experience in top-level research and science-based results. VTT is at the sweet spot where innovation and business come together.

VTT – beyond the obvious

Dürr Assembly Products has successfully launched and commissioned its innovative x-road curve multi-function test stand for autonomous and partially autonomous vehicles in Korea. The client was the Korea Transportation Safety Authority (KOTSA), a public authority responsible for vehicle and traffic safety. The project was implemented in cooperation with dSPACE, which specializes in the simulation of driving scenarios.

Unlike with conventional roll test stands, the x-road curve permits free driving with steering movements to simulate cornering. Laser measurement technology detects the steering angle of the front axle, while a pivoting roller unit automatically compensates the movements of the front wheels. The vehicle thus remains in the center of the test stand, even at high speeds, regardless of the steering wheel position. In combination with the virtual environments developed by dSPACE, typical traffic situations are simulated to elicit a response from the sensors installed in the vehicle. This enables the functionality of driver assistance systems to be tested.    

Dürr Assembly Products demonstrated what this looks like in practice to KOTSA officials on its test stand in Püttlingen. For the first time, the experts used a random vehicle off the street for this. They simulated two scenarios: The vehicle is in danger of leaving its lane, therefore a steering intervention is needed. The vehicle has to perform an emergency stop in response to the vehicle in front braking. Appropriate realistic traffic situations were depicted on a monitor. Radar signals simulated other traffic users to match the display on the monitor.    

x-road curve multi-function test stand at KOTSA

For Timo Wallscheid, x-road Product Line Manager at Dürr Assembly Products, the successful commissioning of the x-road curve is a major step in the testing of partially and fully autonomous vehicles: “For the first time, the actual reaction of safety-related systems on a vehicle that had not been prepared in any way was tested in a simulated traffic situation. The steerable x-road curve test stand from Dürr and the simulation environment from dSPACE complemented each other perfectly.”

Dirk Berneck, Senior Manager Engineering Services at dSPACE, views the new complete validation system from Dürr and dSPACE as decisive for the testing and homologation of highly automated vehicles by testing organizations, and explains: “Imaging sensors like radars and cameras are playing an ever-greater role here. dSPACE’s highly precise traffic and environment simulation with a comprehensive library of flexibly executable driving situations is an efficient way of validating vehicle and sensors on compact test stands.”

The public authority KOTSA performs a similar role in Korea to the TÜV in Germany and is responsible for the PTI (Periodical Technical Inspection). The x-road curve was installed and commissioned at its headquarters in Gimcheon, and officially presented to the public in mid-March. The event was attended by representatives from the Korean Ministry for Land, Infrastructure and Transport. The guests also included the Hyundai Motor Company and Mercedes-Benz Korea as well as reporters and representatives from other testing organizations like the German KÜS (an automotive monitoring organization made up of independent professional automotive experts).

Sensors and actuators in autonomous and semi-autonomous vehicles are extremely complex. On top of this, different software versions have to be compatible. Dürr Assembly Products, a subsidiary of the Dürr Group, therefore expects that test stands like the x-road curve will be indispensable in the future, especially as legislation will require such tests as proof of operational safety.

The Dürr Group is one of the world's leading mechanical and plant engineering firms with extensive expertise in automation and digitalization/Industry 4.0. Its products, systems and services enable highly efficient and resource-saving manufacturing processes in different industries. The Dürr Group supplies sectors like the automotive industry, mechanical engineering, chemical, pharmaceutical, medical technology and woodworking industries. It generated sales of € 3.54 billion in 2021. The company has around 17,800 employees and 120 business locations in 33 countries. The Dürr Group operates in the market with the brands Dürr, Schenck and HOMAG and with five divisions:

• Paint and Final Assembly Systems: paint shops as well as final assembly, testing and filling technology for the automotive industry, assembly and test systems for medical devices
• Application Technology: robot technologies for the automated application of paint, sealants and adhesives
• Clean Technology Systems: air pollution control, noise abatement systems and coating systems for battery electrodes
• Measuring and Process Systems: balancing equipment and diagnostic technology
• Woodworking Machinery and Systems: machinery and equipment for the woodworking industry

dSPACE is a leading provider of simulation and validation solutions worldwide for developing connected, autonomous, and electrically powered vehicles. The company's range of end-to-end solutions are used particularly by automotive manufacturers and their suppliers to test the software and hardware components in their new vehicles long before a new model is allowed on the road. Not only is dSPACE a sought-after partner in vehicle development, engineers also rely on our know-how when it comes to aerospace and industrial automation. Our portfolio ranges from end-to-end solutions for simulation and validation to engineering and consulting services as well as training and support. With approximately 2,000 employees worldwide, dSPACE is headquartered in Paderborn, Germany, has three project centers in Germany, and serves customers through regional dSPACE companies in the USA, the UK, France, Japan, China, Croatia, and South Korea.

During a kickoff meeting that took place in Kananga, in the DRC’s Kasai region, the Antwerp World Diamond Centre (AWDC), together with the DRC’s Ministry of Mining and its subdivisions SAEMAPE and CEEC, NGO DDI@RESOLVE and tech company Everledger initiated OrigemA, a pilot project that aims to set up a fully transparent, digitally enabled mine-to-market program for Artisanal and Small-Scale Mining (ASM) cooperatives in the DRC. The purpose of the OrigemA pilot is to develop a blueprint that focuses on transparency, sustainability and fair trade, which over time can be scaled up, within the DRC but also in other countries.

The DRC is the largest producer of artisanal mined diamonds in the world, accounting for nearly 70% of global ASM production, which in turn constitutes an estimated 15 to 20% of the total diamond production in the world. Because of its largely informal character, this segment of the diamond mining industry is particularly vulnerable to human rights violations, poor working conditions, corruption and opaque or illicit trade.  In November last year in Antwerp, the AWDC and the DRC Ministry of Mines, SAEMAPE and CEEC signed an MoU that would allow to initiate the project. Establishing a fully transparent value chain aligns with the ambitions of reforming the diamond industry, set out by DRC President Tshisekedi, and his Minister of Mining, Mrs Kalambayi. “The Congolese Ministry of Mining, the mining land registry (Cadastre Minier), SAEMAPE and the CEEC, will work with the other partners to create a legal and fiscal framework that allows efficient formalization, combatting corruption, eradicating logistical hurdles, and increasing transparency in financial and fiscal flows.”, Minister Kalambayi commented.

After visiting various ASM operations in the past months, DDI@RESOLVE together with SAEMAPE selected six cooperatives in various stages of formalization, to become part of the pilot program. DDI@RESOLVE, who created the first-ever set of standards for ethical artisanal diamond production and supply chain security, known as the Maendeleo Diamond Standards (MDS), will oversee the project on the ground, including the training, auditing, and certification of the cooperatives in line with MDS and OECD Due Diligence standards. Stephen d’Esposito, CEO of NGO DDI@RESOLVE; “Our key mission aligns perfectly with this project; to transform ambitious ideas into real benefits for people, communities, and ecosystems. Through many years of working in DRC’s artisanal diamond mining industry we have accumulated a vast amount of knowledge and expertise. Further supported by the RESOLVE structure, we bring collaborative expertise and a solutions-focused mindset to the table.”

Creating a blueprint for fair traded diamonds doesn’t stop at formalizing and certifying artisanal and small-scale mining operations. OrigemA has the ambition to create the first digitally and blockchain supported value chain for ASM productions. “Our role in this project is to prove that the ASM industry doesn’t have to be excluded from the advantages of technology to significantly increase transparency in the journey of a diamond from mine to market, not only in terms of generating fair prices, but also by providing a platform that can demonstrate the positive impact these diamonds bring about.”, Leanne Kemp CEO of Everledger adds.  The company’s core activity is to provide technology solutions to increase transparency in global supply chains, with in-depth experience in the diamond market but also a strong focus on critical minerals and in other industries such as luxury goods, apparel, etc.

The week-long kick-off meeting, which was attended by the Head of Cabinet of the Ministry of Mining, Mr Michel Kibonge Nyekuma, the General Director of SAEMAPE, Mr Jean-Paul Kapongo Kadiobo, the General Director of the CEEC, Mr Freddy Muamba Kanyinku, Everledger CEO Leanne Kemp, AWDC Head of Industry Relations Karen Rentmeesters and representatives of all six cooperatives, included an official launch as well as in-depth information sessions and the distribution of mining gear to the pilot’s cooperatives. Upon their return to Kinshasa, AWDC and Everledger, together with the CEEC and SAEMAPE also met with Mining Minister Kalambayi for a short debrief and further discussions.

“We believe it is essential to have all partners, including government and the cooperatives themselves, involved at the ground level. This bottom-up, collaborative approach ensures that we create a model that considers the realities of artisanal, small-scale mining in remote regions and that the resulting blueprint can be scaled up and replicated in the field. That is why kicking off this pilot in Kasai, Kananga, meeting face-to-face with the cooperatives and local communities was so important.”, says Karen Rentmeesters, Head of Industry Relations at the AWDC.

In the initial stage, OrigemA is funded by contributions from the AWDC but the group of partners hopes to secure additional financing through public funding, and also wants to explore opportunities for commercial partnerships as the project progresses.

For more information:

Karen Rentmeesters – This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it. - +32 497 83 80 35

AWDC

Pouch Solutions to Protect and Showcase Food Products

SupplyOne, Inc., the largest independent supplier of corrugated and other value-added packaging products, equipment, and services in the U.S., highlights its stock and custom pouches for packaging protein, seafood, and dairy. 

As both a manufacturer and distributor of packaging products, SupplyOne offers solutions for any food packaging application, with unparalleled levels of quality, safety, protection, and design. SupplyOne packaging solutions safeguard food, increase shelf-life, create display-case standouts and withstand the rigours of transit and storage. They enable food manufacturers to expand their trading area and simplify quality management.

Primary Food Packaging Pouches

Stand-up pouches are the new go-to option for many retailers who want their products to garner attention on the shelf while maximizing shelf space. SupplyOne offers stock and custom pouches in clear, standard, and high barrier formats. Stand-up pouch features include re-closable zippers, easy-opening tear notches, and brilliant clarity.

Vacuum pouches feature special barrier properties and are engineered for high performance. SupplyOne products are designed to work well in most vacuum chamber equipment producing predictably-reliable seals to ensure that proteins, cheese, and seafood are safe, have a quality shelf-life, and deliver strong optical properties.

Consulting Expertise to Lower Total Cost of Ownership 

The SupplyOne Food Packaging Program offers customers the opportunity to work with a single point of contact, a food industry packaging expert, and receive recommendations to amplify purchasing efficiencies, slim down inventory investment, raise employee productivity and free up production space. This program is guaranteed to generate savings within 30 days.

About SupplyOne

SupplyOne is the largest independent supplier of custom corrugated and other value-added packaging products, equipment, and packaging-related services in the U.S. The company provides mid-sized manufacturers, food processors, and medical and e-commerce companies with industry-leading packaging programs and complete packaging solutions to reduce its customers’ total cost of packaging ownership from a single point of contact. The result? Better packaging, and enhanced efficiencies, speed to market, and cash flow. Since its founding in 1998, SupplyOne has become the acquirer of choice for privately-held speciality corrugated packaging manufacturers and value-added packaging distributors. For more information about SupplyOne’s packaging solutions, contact SupplyOne at 484-582-5005, email This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it. or visit https://www.supplyone.com/.

The new trees-as-a-service platform is targeting to include one thousand local communities and one thousand companies by 2030.  The platform enables long-term global systematic tree care. This will help to reach the overall planetary target of one trillion trees which is crucial for boosting carbon sinks and halting global biodiversity loss.  

Tree planting is globally a hot topic. There are many organizations focused solely on tree planting. However, tree planting is not enough - many trees die within the first year. It is tree care that really counts for the long-term effects of CO2 and biodiversity. In Treebuddy Earth’s platform, the engagement of local communities plays a key role in tree care while they also get economic benefits in the long run. Verifiability is another common problem in global tree planting and long-term monitoring.  Tree planting projects are often missing the precise information about trees, their exact location and status during the years.

Treebuddy Earth’s platform offers a new solution with its 2-way verification. Tree planters put every single tree on the map with a photo via a mobile app. Everybody can see the trees on the world map transparently with photos and information. Full verifiability gives trust to tree plantings. Tree planters make a status update of each tree with a photo after one year, five years, ten years, fifteen years etc.

The role of business is crucial in environmental problems. At the same time, companies have more obligations that will become mandatory, like ESG reporting in the EU by 2026. This trees-as-a-service offers opportunities for companies. They can show every single tree in their forest and its growth in real-time online for customers and stakeholders. They can also become leaders by making their employees' climate positive - with trees. The service offers also a new way of interaction and learning experience with its regular webinars where the business has a direct interaction with tree planting communities.

A new dissertation from Linnaeus University looks at how we can improve Swedish birch wood properties through tree breeding, forest management and better measurement methods. Grace Jones, in the Department of Forestry and Wood Technology at Linnaeus University, has studied birch wood properties from genetics trials and a species mixture trial of spruce and birch. The hope is that this increased knowledge will make birch forests more popular and, as a result, inspire new products and areas of use.

Birch is our third most common tree species. However, only a fraction of the stems is used for anything more refined than pulpwood and firewood, despite the fact that Swedish birches grow by 15 million cubic meters per year. In her dissertation, Grace Jones has studied the wood properties in breeding trials with silver birch and downy birch, as well as the effects of mixed-species forests where the proportions of spruce and birch varied.

“The aim of this dissertation is to highlight birch’s potential as high-quality material. Swedish birch is often neglected in silviculture, which results in low-value logs. The results from this dissertation will be of interest to forest managers who want to breed birch, or choose birch stands, for solid wood products like, for instance, floors and furniture”, Jones explains.

In order to measure wood properties like density, stiffness and grain angle, Jones has used a number of non-destructive testing methods. When using these modern measurement techniques, you may only need small wood samples to draw conclusions for the rest of the stem. Furthermore, some of the methods do not require removing any wood from the tree. Unlike more destructive wood measurements, these tests do not harm the tree so it can continue to grow afterwards.

“The measurements give an idea of the properties of the wood you can expect to produce from these trees. It can help to know if some trees are more likely to produce wood that bends or warps, and to even select trees that may be particularly hard, or will better avoid dents”, Jones concludes.

Grace Jones’s research is part of FRAS (Future silviculture in southern Sweden), a joint research project by Linnaeus University, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), and the Swedish forestry research institute Skogforsk. FRAS aims to contribute to the development of silviculture in southern Sweden and adapt silviculture to meet both the present needs and future conditions. This is done in close collaboration with the forestry industry in the region.

More information

• Link to dissertation: Birch Stem and Wood Traits in Genetic and Silviculture Trials in Southern Sweden
• Link to the project: https://www.slu.se/en/departments/southern-swedish-forest-research-centre/Joint-venture/FRAS/

Contact

Grace Jones, doctor, +4672-535 28 42, This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

Global energy consultancy Xodus has established a new office in Melbourne to support the energy transition across the east coast of Australia.

The Australian energy market has been important to Xodus since it first established a presence in Perth in 2007. The decision to open a second base was driven by the expected rise of offshore wind on the east coast, with the energy firm looking to support both operators and investors in the region to realise value through buildable, bankable and approvable offshore wind projects.

Rebecca Hewlett, originally from Australia and Xodus’ Global Renewables and Environment Director will return home from Edinburgh after more than a decade of leading Xodus’ renewables and environment teams to continue her global role and head up the new office in South Yarra.

A Melburnian, Rebecca has witnessed the quick acceleration of offshore wind in Victoria from afar and is now thrilled to be returning home to play an important role in the growth of the emerging renewables sector.

She said: “It feels like the right time for both Xodus and myself to be in Melbourne. Victoria is looking towards cleaner technology and there will be many exciting projects for us to target over the next few years.

Rebecca will initially be joined by a small team in Melbourne, working seamlessly with the Perth office and with the support of Xodus’ experts from around the world.

She explained: “Our diverse team has extensive global experience in supporting offshore wind projects and establishing the economic opportunities which accompany them. We understand the complexities of the development process and work collaboratively from front end design to project completion, while also facilitating local, regional and national policies to make sure local companies get the chance to work on these projects.

“This is why it was crucial to me to bring everything I have learned back to the heart of the nascent Australian offshore wind industry.

“Having supported approvals for some of the UK’s earliest fixed and floating wind projects and provided extensive support to the recent ScotWind leasing process, I’m now looking forward to catching up with old contacts as well as building relationships with new players in the industry, to share our ambitions of having a real impact on the future of Australian energy.”

This week sees the commencement of the Offshore Electricity Infrastructure Act 2021. The Act enables the construction, operation and decommissioning of offshore electricity infrastructure and provides a clear framework for investors to pursue licenses for offshore wind developments.

A stable legislative framework, high-quality wind resources, and the world’s urgent need to decarbonise mean that Australia is primed to become an offshore wind investment destination.

As well as offshore wind, Xodus is also looking to support the growth of decommissioning and hydrogen in Victoria and the other east coast states.

Steve Swindell, managing director of Xodus Group added: “Over the last 15 years, we have gained a strong reputation in Australia with industry and government alike. During this time, our work has grown considerably right across the energy sector and this new office will provide a base for us to be at the heart of the energy transition on the Australian east coast.

“We see significant growth in offshore wind, as well as decommissioning and hydrogen over the coming years. With Rebecca’s local knowledge and expertise backed by her global team of experts, it means we can quickly engage with clients and deploy our services to support a responsible energy future for Australia.”

About Xodus

As a global energy consultancy, we unite our unique and diverse people to share knowledge, innovate and inspire change within the energy industry. We provide support across the energy spectrum, from advisory services to supply chain advice. Including all of the engineering and environmental expertise needed in between. Our people strive to ensure global energy supply as we all work together to realise a net-zero world. 

https://www.xodusgroup.com/ 

Metso Outotec has successfully completed the divestment of its Metal Recycling business line to Mimir, an investment company based in Stockholm, Sweden.

The sold Metal Recycling business includes the brands Lindemann and Texas Shredder. The business will operate globally under the Lindemann brand and will be headquartered in Düsseldorf, Germany. Its approximately 160 employees have transferred to the new company.

The divestment was announced on December 31, 2021.

Further information

Piia Karhu, President, Metals business area, Metso Outotec, tel.+358 40 5406 964, email: piia.karhu(at)mogroup.com

Metso Outotec is a frontrunner in sustainable technologies, end-to-end solutions and services for the aggregates, minerals processing and metals refining industries globally. By improving our customers’ energy and water efficiency, increasing their productivity, and reducing environmental risks with our product and process expertise, we are the partner for positive change. Metso Outotec is committed to limiting global warming to 1.5°C with Science-Based Targets.

Headquartered in Helsinki, Finland, Metso Outotec employs over 15,000 people in more than 50 countries and its sales for 2021 were about EUR 4.2 billion. The company is listed on the Nasdaq Helsinki. mogroup.com

Vattenfall and RWE have agreed that RWE will take over the Magnum gas-fired power station in the Dutch Eemshaven from Vattenfall as of 30 September 2022. The proceeds from the sale of EUR 500 million will give Vattenfall more resources to invest in the energy transition, for example in fossil-free energy projects such as offshore wind and district heating and cooling.

Alexander van Ofwegen, Head of Vattenfall’s Dutch Heat operations and CFO Vattenfall in the Netherlands: “In RWE we have found an expert and experienced buyer in the energy field with a clear role for the Magnum plant in the future. This gives employees security and the opportunity to further develop themselves and the power plant. Magnum is a profitable and state-of-the-art gas-fired plant with an important role in the security of supply in the Netherlands.

“At the heart of Vattenfall's Heat operations is however the district heating and cooling business where Vattenfall is focusing on decarbonising the heat supply to their customers as part of the gas phase-out in the Netherlands. The proceeds from the transaction give Vattenfall more resources to invest in the energy transition, such as offshore wind and district heating and cooling,” says Alexander van Ofwegen.

The Magnum gas-fired electricity plant consists of three so-called combined cycle gas turbines, which together have a total capacity of 1,410 MW. Magnum is 'hydrogen-ready' and can be made technically suitable to run partly or even completely on hydrogen. Modern, highly flexible gas-fired power plants that can be converted to hydrogen play an important role in the energy transition. They are needed as backup capacity when wind and solar power are not sufficiently available.
 
The agreement also includes a solar park with a capacity of 5.6 MW. The solar park with around 18,000 solar panels is located on the terrain of the Magnum plant.

According to the agreement with RWE, all Magnum employees will be transferred to the new owner and preparations will be made for a smooth transition of employees and operational matters to the new owner in the coming months. The deal is subject to the advice of the worker's council.